![]() ![]() As important components of the secretome, exosomes from different sources deserve further investigation. Previous studies have shown that MSC-derived from different tissues, as well as their secretome, have significant differences. Nevertheless, exosomes represent a safe and effective stem cell-free alternative therapeutic modality. Studies have described several limitations to the direct use of MSCs, such as low survival rate, immunological rejection, and safety, and ethical issues. When exosomes are absorbed by other cells, these molecules are transferred to the recipient cells and affect their physiological function, thus acting as intercellular communication vehicles and mediating many physiological and pathological processes. Many types of molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, are present in exosomes. Paracrine secretion, particularly exosomes, is one of the main mechanisms of therapeutic action of MSCs, which has received much attention for its important roles in cellular communication and regenerative medicine.Įxosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles of 30–200 nm in diameter originating from endocytosis, which are secreted by multiple cells and appear in the supernatant of cell cultures or body fluids, such as the blood, saliva, urine, breast milk, cerebrospinal fluid, bile, and lymph. There are many tissue-derived MSCs that have been used in therapeutic research, such as the bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT), fetal lung, dental pulp, and umbilical cord (UC). These cells play a significant role in immune regulation and angiogenesis, especially in the heart, bone, cartilage, nerves, and skin. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in clinical treatment owing to their multi-differentiation potential. This study systematically and comprehensively analyzes the human MSC-derived exosomes via proteomics, which reveals their potential applications in different fields, so as to provide a reference for researchers to select optimal source cells in future exosome-related studies. Bone marrow MSC-derived exosomes showed superior regeneration ability, and adipose tissue MSC-derived exosomes played a significant role in immune regulation, whereas umbilical cord MSC-derived exosomes were more prominent in tissue damage repair. Resultsīioinformatics analysis revealed their shared function in the extracellular matrix receptor. A total of 1014 proteins were detected using a label-free method. In this study, exosomes secreted by MSCs derived from different tissues were isolated, by ultracentrifugation, and proteomics analysis was performed. ![]() ![]() ![]() Lacking of a valuable reference, researchers select source cells for exosome studies mainly based on accessibility and personal preference. Despite performing similar functions, exosomes from different origins present heterogeneous characteristics and components however, the relative study remains scarce. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have shown comprehensive application prospects over the years. ![]()
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